Reference:Serial-numbers: Difference between revisions

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Use source-neutral wording for archived Bonhams record
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The table is selective, with gaps between some entries. For a number outside it, compare documented examples of the reference. A matching row supplies an estimate, not proof of manufacture, assembly or sale in that year.
The table is selective, with gaps between some entries. For a number outside it, compare documented examples of the reference. A matching row supplies an estimate, not proof of manufacture, assembly or sale in that year.
Early chronograph catalogues also show why an individual case number needs its own evidence. Christie’s dated Rolex ref. 2021 case 12'010 to circa 1925; Phillips later catalogued the same case as a 1934 watch. These are conflicting auction estimates, not a serial-chart date or a confirmed production year. [[https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4596639 Christie’s, case 12'010]] [[https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/115419 Phillips, case 12'010]]
For early Oyster ref. 2081, Antiquorum links case 599744 to its 1947 catalogue date and case 63715 to its 1948 date; Christie’s records case 37'271 with a Glasgow import letter for 1937. Toovey’s transcribes “5557 CH” over “2081” on another caseback. These remain individual object records rather than entries in a year chart. [[https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-108-226 Antiquorum, case 599744]] [[https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-203-675 Antiquorum, case 63715]] [[https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5130485 Christie’s, case 37'271]] [[https://www.tooveys.com/lots/536665/a-rolex-oyster-chrome-plated-cushion-cased-gentlemans-wristwatch Toovey’s, caseback inscription]]


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Catalogue dates differ even for nearby case numbers on the [[Reference:6244|Oyster Royal 6244]]. [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/96544 Phillips dates case 834,991 to 1952]. Christie's gives [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5731475 circa 1959 for case 836,438] and [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5158176 1962 for case 836,447], only nine numbers apart. These catalogue dates do not establish a continuous production sequence. The reference page lists further examples.
Catalogue dates differ even for nearby case numbers on the [[Reference:6244|Oyster Royal 6244]]. [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/96544 Phillips dates case 834,991 to 1952]. Christie's gives [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5731475 circa 1959 for case 836,438] and [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5158176 1962 for case 836,447], only nine numbers apart. These catalogue dates do not establish a continuous production sequence. The reference page lists further examples.
=== Milgauss 6543 dated cases ===
Christie’s dates case 145'159 to 1955 and case 145'111 to circa 1955. These two 6543 watches anchor catalogue dates around 1955; their numbers do not establish a full case-number range or a year-by-year sequence. Compare the movement, case, papers and service history on the individual watch. [https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-5612347 Christie’s, lot 136, case 145'159]; [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6067487 Christie’s, lot 200, case 145'111].


== Letter serials (1987–2010) ==
== Letter serials (1987–2010) ==
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For early [[Reference:prince|Prince]], [[Reference:bubbleback|Bubbleback]] and manual Oyster references such as [[Reference:3478|3478]], compare the case number with examples of the same reference and material. A chart covering later Oyster production may not describe an earlier case-number sequence. British hallmarks on precious-metal cases provide a separate assay date. Steel cases need other evidence.
For early [[Reference:prince|Prince]], [[Reference:bubbleback|Bubbleback]] and manual Oyster references such as [[Reference:3478|3478]], compare the case number with examples of the same reference and material. A chart covering later Oyster production may not describe an earlier case-number sequence. British hallmarks on precious-metal cases provide a separate assay date. Steel cases need other evidence.
Ref. [[Reference:1925|1925]] shows why patent marks and case numbers need separate treatment. Christie’s lists case 25658 with Glasgow import marks dated 1928. Bonhams records a Dublin import mark for 1928 and labels 260554 a case number. The British Museum transcribes 260554/1925 below “Great Britain Patents” on another early Oyster case; that object is not identified as ref. 1925. Christie’s separately prints “20302/260554” as its circa-1925 lot number. The museum’s patent inscription shows why catalogue numbers should stay attached to their recorded markings rather than being normalized as serials. The import marks provide dates for the individual cases.
Ref. [[Reference:6094|6094]] shows how catalogue estimates can conflict even for the same watch. Antiquorum dated case 744253 to 1961 in 2010, then to 1951 when the watch returned as lot 291 in 2012; 1951 also falls near the published serial table's 710,776 (1951) and 840,396 (1952) entries. Nearby 88x,xxx cases carry three different lot dates: Bonhams gives circa 1952 for 881574 and records IV.52 inside its caseback, Antiquorum assigns 1962 to 882812, and Christie's gives circa 1954 for 882963. Treat IV.52 as a caseback date and each year as a catalogue estimate for its lot. [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-242-134 Antiquorum, 2010, lot 134]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6094-tropical-lot-262-291 Antiquorum, 2012, lot 291]; [https://www.bonhams.com/auction/29893/lot/85/ Bonhams, lot 85]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6094-oysterdate-precision-lot-313-138 Antiquorum, lot 138]; [https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-4970197 Christie's, lot 313].


A photographed [[Reference:1069|ref. 1069]] caseback carries 21,836 below the reference. The dealer dates it to the 1940s, while the serial reconstruction's first listed point is 23,969 for 1928. That comparison does not give 21,836 an exact year. An auction archive also reproduces a Bonhams description for case 21,431 with a 1940s date; it is the same watch listed twice, not an independent dating sequence. Neither record supplies a British assay mark. [https://www.1stdibs.com/jewelry/watches/wrist-watches/rolex-nickel-silver-cushion-shaped-oyster-original-dial/id-j_18189072/ 1stDibs caseback photographs]; [https://www.collectorsquare.com/en/watches/rolex/oyster/ref-rolex-1069/lpi Bonhams entries]
A photographed [[Reference:1069|ref. 1069]] caseback carries 21,836 below the reference. The dealer dates it to the 1940s, while the serial reconstruction's first listed point is 23,969 for 1928. That comparison does not give 21,836 an exact year. An auction archive also reproduces a Bonhams description for case 21,431 with a 1940s date; it is the same watch listed twice, not an independent dating sequence. Neither record supplies a British assay mark. [https://www.1stdibs.com/jewelry/watches/wrist-watches/rolex-nickel-silver-cushion-shaped-oyster-original-dial/id-j_18189072/ 1stDibs caseback photographs]; [https://www.collectorsquare.com/en/watches/rolex/oyster/ref-rolex-1069/lpi Bonhams entries]
Catalogues for [[Reference:1072|ref. 1072]] give case numbers 44,887 (Toovey’s, circa 1938) and 24,432 (Antiquorum, 1930s). These are two catalogue examples, not a serial-year sequence; the numbers cannot establish production dates for another 1072. Christie’s also catalogues an early Oyster with case no. 1072, which is a different use of the number. [https://www.tooveys.com/lots/613066/a-rolex-oyster-ultra-prima-chrome-cushion-cased-gentlemans-wristwatch Toovey’s]; [https://www.collectorsquare.com/en/watches/rolex/prima/lpi Antiquorum lot 481 archive]; [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-203832 Christie’s case-number record]
The catalogues reviewed for [[Reference:1073|ref. 1073]] date individual examples circa 1926, circa 1930, in the 1930s, and 1934, but publish no case serial or assay mark. Those catalogue dates cannot be checked against later serial-year charts or hallmark tables. [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-15-258 Antiquorum]; [https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-811717 Christie’s]; [https://www.collectorsquare.com/en/watches/rolex/oyster/ref-rolex-1073/lpi Bonhams archive]; [https://www.bachmann-scher.de/sold-watches/rolex-vintage-early-waterproof-oyster-kanalschwimmer-canal-mercedes-gleitze-radium-california-dial-stainless-steel-bj-1934-9052.html Bachmann & Scher]


Christie's catalogues three circa-1940 [[Reference:3064|ref. 3064]] cases: 56'924, 269'204, and 282'453. These are catalogue associations with individual watches, not a serial-year chart or production boundary. The records are [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5758921 New York lot 63], [https://www.christies.com/zh/lot/lot-5674834 Geneva lot 341], and [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5790151 Geneva lot 240].
Christie's catalogues three circa-1940 [[Reference:3064|ref. 3064]] cases: 56'924, 269'204, and 282'453. These are catalogue associations with individual watches, not a serial-year chart or production boundary. The records are [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5758921 New York lot 63], [https://www.christies.com/zh/lot/lot-5674834 Geneva lot 341], and [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5790151 Geneva lot 240].
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For [[Reference:6075|ref. 6075]], Antiquorum dates cases 685,082 and 714,441 to 1950, while Phillips dates case 714,440 to 1951. Antiquorum gives circa 1951 for case 715,511; Cambi Aste assigns circa 1961 to an incomplete case number 715.xxx. The catalogues conflict, and their estimates do not establish a serial range or prove a production end year. Compare the engraved case number, movement and any independent date evidence on the individual watch. [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-108-122 Antiquorum 2006, lot 122]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6075-lot-283-107 Antiquorum 2014, lot 107]; [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/CH080515/284 Phillips 2015, lot 284]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6075-oyster-perpetual-officially-certified-chronometer-lot-351-147 Antiquorum 2022, lot 147]; [https://www.cambiaste.com/uploads/auctions/807-cambi_orologi_719_2022_05_eb.pdf Cambi Aste 2022, lot 96].
For [[Reference:6075|ref. 6075]], Antiquorum dates cases 685,082 and 714,441 to 1950, while Phillips dates case 714,440 to 1951. Antiquorum gives circa 1951 for case 715,511; Cambi Aste assigns circa 1961 to an incomplete case number 715.xxx. The catalogues conflict, and their estimates do not establish a serial range or prove a production end year. Compare the engraved case number, movement and any independent date evidence on the individual watch. [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-108-122 Antiquorum 2006, lot 122]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6075-lot-283-107 Antiquorum 2014, lot 107]; [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/CH080515/284 Phillips 2015, lot 284]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6075-oyster-perpetual-officially-certified-chronometer-lot-351-147 Antiquorum 2022, lot 147]; [https://www.cambiaste.com/uploads/auctions/807-cambi_orologi_719_2022_05_eb.pdf Cambi Aste 2022, lot 96].
For [[Reference:6074|ref. 6074]], Antiquorum and John Goldberger date a two-piece platinum commission to 1950, but publish no case serials for those watches. Antiquorum's 1990 gold lot gives a 1950s estimate without a case number; its 2025 gold lot says the case number was no longer visible. Henrik Korpela's restored gold example had 6030 and 6031 scratched out on the caseback before 6074 was stamped over them. These records do not form a serial sequence. Compare the individual case and movement marks; the 1-50 code in Goldberger's image dates the bracelet component. [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-146-67 Antiquorum 1992]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-155-397 Antiquorum 1990]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6074-datejust-ovettone-lot-381-223 Antiquorum 2025]; [https://watchesbysjx.com/2015/05/explained-restoring-a-1950s-rolex-oyster-perpetual-ref-6074.html Korpela, 2015].


=== Oyster Perpetual 1005 dated examples ===
=== Oyster Perpetual 1005 dated examples ===
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Auction catalogues date 1003 case 512,833 to circa 1960 and case 573,835 to circa 1960; the certificate accompanying case 573,835 is dated 22 December 1960, which dates the certificate rather than proving the case’s production date. Other catalogued examples include case 531,734 (circa 1966), case 1,197,501 (1964), case 3,044,042 (1972), case 3,960,865 (circa 1975), and case 5,426,177 (1977). A Glasgow import mark dates a 9K case to 1961, while a 1966 receipt accompanies a separate 9ct example. These individual records do not form a serial-year chart or establish production limits. [https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/important-watches-ge1401/lot.216.html Sotheby’s, case 5,426,177]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-171-486 Antiquorum, case 3,044,042]; [https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/fine-watches-3/oyster-perpetual-ref-1003-stainless-steel Sotheby’s, case 3,960,865].
Auction catalogues date 1003 case 512,833 to circa 1960 and case 573,835 to circa 1960; the certificate accompanying case 573,835 is dated 22 December 1960, which dates the certificate rather than proving the case’s production date. Other catalogued examples include case 531,734 (circa 1966), case 1,197,501 (1964), case 3,044,042 (1972), case 3,960,865 (circa 1975), and case 5,426,177 (1977). A Glasgow import mark dates a 9K case to 1961, while a 1966 receipt accompanies a separate 9ct example. These individual records do not form a serial-year chart or establish production limits. [https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/important-watches-ge1401/lot.216.html Sotheby’s, case 5,426,177]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-171-486 Antiquorum, case 3,044,042]; [https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/fine-watches-3/oyster-perpetual-ref-1003-stainless-steel Sotheby’s, case 3,960,865].
=== Oyster Perpetual 1008 dated examples ===
Auction catalogues date ref. [[Reference:1008|1008]] case 666,184 to 1961, case 1,284,790 to 1965/66, and case 1,612,569 to circa 1967. Christie's records an inside-caseback stamp of IV.63 on another example. Antiquorum's 2022 and 2023 listings repeat case 1,612,569, so count it once. These are individual catalogue dates and a caseback stamp, not a serial-year chart. Compare the case, movement and date evidence on the watch itself. [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-261-9 Antiquorum 2012, lot 9]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-108-29 Antiquorum 2006, lot 29]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-1008-rolex-zephir-lot-355-458 Antiquorum 2022, lot 458]; [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-1008-rolex-zephir-lot-359-140 Antiquorum 2023, lot 140]; [https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-rolex-a-stainless-steel-and-gold-automatic-5008636/ Christie's, ref. 1008, lot 5008636].
=== Oyster Perpetual 1009 dated examples ===
Auction catalogues date case [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-108-107 1,738,626] to 1968, case [https://www.monacolegendauctions.com/auction/exclusive-timepieces-32/lot-176 1,987,824] to 1969, and case [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/95640 2,489,934] to 1972. These are dates assigned to individual 1009s by their sale catalogues, not a serial-year chart. Compare the case number, movement, and any independent date evidence on each watch.


=== Day-Date 6511 case examples ===
=== Day-Date 6511 case examples ===
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|-
|-
| [[Reference:1862|1862]] || 280,124 || 18K yellow (1862A variant) || c.1930 || Sotheby's NY 2018 n09911 lot 53
| [[Reference:1862|1862]] || 280,124 || 18K yellow (1862A variant) || c.1930 || Sotheby's NY 2018 n09911 lot 53
|-
| [[Reference:1880|1880]] || 032’871 || stainless steel || c.1935, as catalogued by Sotheby’s || [https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2019/important-watches-ge1901/lot.166.html Sotheby’s Geneva, May 2019, lot 166]
|-
| [[Reference:1880|1880]] || 012043; caseback also marked 1880 || steel with yellow-metal stepped sides and lugs || c.1930, as catalogued by Sworder || [https://www.sworder.co.uk/auction/lot/lot-339---a-gentlemens-stainless-steel-rolex-mechanical-strap-watch-c1930/?lot=509695&sd=1 Sworder, November 2024, lot 339]
|-
|-
| [[Reference:1491|1491]] || not given || 18K yellow gold jump-hour Brancard || Glasgow Import mark 1930 || Bonhams sale 29152 lot 23
| [[Reference:1491|1491]] || not given || 18K yellow gold jump-hour Brancard || Glasgow Import mark 1930 || Bonhams sale 29152 lot 23
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| 6222 (Eaton presentation) || not given || automatic Oyster || presentation inscription 1929–1954 || Antiquorum Hong Kong 2005, sale 86, lot 19
| 6222 (Eaton presentation) || not given || automatic Oyster || presentation inscription 1929–1954 || Antiquorum Hong Kong 2005, sale 86, lot 19
|}
|}
Christie’s gives “No. 015759 1880” on a steel caseback and “no. 1880 8829” in the title of a pink-gold watch. The title does not identify 1880 as a reference. Christie’s dates the latter watch’s Glasgow import mark to 1932.


These examples use several case-number ranges across different materials and references. A high number does not establish a later production date across the whole Prince family. Antiquorum dates the two 3361 cases numbered 899,568 and 899,677 to 1952; the presentation dates on Eaton watches record later events in their ownership. None of these observations establishes a family-wide production endpoint.
These examples use several case-number ranges across different materials and references. A high number does not establish a later production date across the whole Prince family. Antiquorum dates the two 3361 cases numbered 899,568 and 899,677 to 1952; the presentation dates on Eaton watches record later events in their ownership. None of these observations establishes a family-wide production endpoint.
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* [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6075-oyster-perpetual-officially-certified-chronometer-lot-351-147 Antiquorum, 2022, ref. 6075 case 715511]
* [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6075-oyster-perpetual-officially-certified-chronometer-lot-351-147 Antiquorum, 2022, ref. 6075 case 715511]
* [https://www.cambiaste.com/uploads/auctions/807-cambi_orologi_719_2022_05_eb.pdf Cambi Aste, 2022, ref. 6075 case 715.xxx]
* [https://www.cambiaste.com/uploads/auctions/807-cambi_orologi_719_2022_05_eb.pdf Cambi Aste, 2022, ref. 6075 case 715.xxx]
* [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-203-530 Antiquorum, ref. 6094/6294, case 745061]
* [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-lot-242-134 Antiquorum, ref. 6094, case 744253, 2010 date]
* [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6094-tropical-lot-262-291 Antiquorum, ref. 6094, case 744253, 2012 date]
* [https://www.bonhams.com/auction/29893/lot/85/ Bonhams, ref. 6094, case 881574 and IV.52 stamp]
* [https://catalog.antiquorum.swiss/en/lots/rolex-ref-6094-oysterdate-precision-lot-313-138 Antiquorum, ref. 6094, case 882812]
* [https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-4970197 Christie's, ref. 6094, case 882963]