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Add ceramic GMT-Master II sections (5-digit 2005-2019, 6-digit 2018-present), update movement table with calibers 3186/3285, link to family hubs.
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Rolex GMT-Master}}
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Rolex GMT-Master — BezelBase
|title=Rolex GMT-Master — Reference and Movement Guide | Rolexopedia
|description=The first watch Rolex ever built for airline pilots, and one of its most copied designs since. Launched in 1955 for Pan Am flight crews, the GMT-Master…
|description=Rolex GMT-Master and GMT-Master II references, from the 6542 to modern ceramic models. Production periods, movement differences, bezel colours and metal variants.
|keywords=Rolex, gmt-master, GMT-Master, specifications, reference guide
|keywords=Rolex, gmt-master, GMT-Master, specifications, reference guide
|type=article
|image=Ref gmt-master vintage-poster.webp
|image_alt=Vintage Rolex GMT-Master advertisement
|type=Article
|og_type=article
|published_time=2026-04-18T03:22:46Z
|modified_time=2026-07-18T12:59:44Z
|robots=index,follow,max-image-preview:large
}}
}}


The first watch Rolex ever built for airline pilots, and one of its most copied designs. Launched in 1955 for Pan Am flight crews, the GMT-Master carries a fourth hand and a 24-hour bezel so the wearer can track two time zones at once. Bakelite turned to aluminum, steel split from gold and two-tone, and the GMT-Master became the GMT-Master II when the local hour hand learned to move on its own. Color branches — Pepsi, Root Beer, Coke, black — ended up carrying as much collector weight as the reference numbers themselves.
<small>[[Main Page]] › '''GMT-Master'''</small>


<span id="early-gmt-master-19551959"></span>
<div class="rp-lead">
[[File:Ref gmt-master vintage-poster.webp|thumb|center|420px|Vintage Rolex GMT-Master advertising — the watch designed for Pan Am crews]]
[[File:Ref gmt-master vintage-poster.webp|thumb|center|420px|alt=Vintage Rolex GMT-Master advertisement|Vintage Rolex GMT-Master advertisement]]
</div>
 
The GMT-Master is Rolex's wristwatch for reading two time zones, introduced in 1955 and later adopted by Pan Am. Its extra hand turns once every 24 hours against a rotating bezel. On the original GMT-Master, that hand stays linked to the ordinary hour hand; rotating the bezel sets the second time-zone reading.
 
Rolex introduced the GMT-Master II in 1982. Its local-hour hand adjusts independently in one-hour steps, leaving the minutes and 24-hour hand undisturbed. Reference guides place the GMT-Master end around 1999–2000; the GMT-Master II then became the sole line. Ceramic bezels joined the GMT-Master II in 2005.
 
== Common entry points ==
 
<div class="rp-grid">
<div class="rp-card"><div class="rp-card-body"><div class="rp-card-meta">Vintage GMT-Master</div><div class="rp-card-title">[[Reference:1675|1675]]</div><div class="rp-card-text">The steel reference spans pointed and rounded crown guards, gilt and matte dials. Gold and two-tone versions have their own case and dial changes.</div></div></div>
<div class="rp-card"><div class="rp-card-body"><div class="rp-card-meta">Aluminium-bezel GMT-Master II</div><div class="rp-card-title">[[Reference:16710|16710]]</div><div class="rp-card-text">Red/blue, red/black or black inserts and an independently adjustable local-hour hand. Some late watches have caliber 3186; dial lettering alone does not identify the movement.</div></div></div>
<div class="rp-card"><div class="rp-card-body"><div class="rp-card-meta">Steel ceramic GMT-Master II</div><div class="rp-card-title">[[Reference:116710LN|116710LN]]</div><div class="rp-card-text">Introduced in 2007 with caliber 3186 and a black Cerachrom insert. The dial has green GMT-Master II lettering and a green 24-hour hand.</div></div></div>
</div>


== Early GMT-Master (1955–1959) ==
== Early GMT-Master (1955–1959) ==


The experimental years. The case had no crown guards, the 24-hour bezel was moulded from bakelite and cracked easily, and a gold branch with alpha hands ran alongside the red-and-blue (Pepsi) steel watch. Most surviving examples carry later service inserts; the original bakelite rarely survived daily wear.
The [[Reference:6542|6542]] has no crown guards. Its translucent bezel insert, usually called Bakelite in auction catalogues, carries the 24-hour scale. Steel examples have a red-and-blue insert; gold examples include brown inserts and alpha-shaped hands. Replacement aluminium inserts occur on surviving watches, so bezel material alone does not establish original delivery.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Bezel !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Approximate period !! Movement !! Case !! Bezel !! Distinction
|-
|-
| [[Reference:6542|6542]] || 1955–1959 || 1036 / 1065 / 1066 || 38mm SS or 18k YG || Bakelite Pepsi (steel), bakelite brown (gold) || First GMT-Master; no crown guards; fragile bakelite insert
| [[Reference:6542|6542]] || 1955–1959 || 1030-family GMT calibers, including 1036, 1065 and 1066 || About 38mm; steel or 18k yellow gold || Translucent plastic insert; later metal replacements also found || No crown guards
|}
|}
Caliber labels vary in early cataloguing. Phillips identifies caliber 1066 in a gold 6542 dated 1959; Christie's records it in a steel example dated around 1958. The exact changeover dates between these calibers remain uncertain.


<span id="long-vintage-core-19591980"></span>
<span id="long-vintage-core-19591980"></span>
== Long vintage core (1959–1980) ==
<span id="Long_vintage_core_(1959–1980)"></span>
== GMT-Master 1675 (1959–1980) ==


The reference that turned the GMT-Master from an experiment into an institution. Crown guards arrived with the [[Reference:1675|1675]], along with an aluminum bezel insert (replacing the fragile bakelite) and a twenty-year production run long enough to hold several distinct watches under one number. Early pointed crown guards, known as PCG, gave way to rounded guards; gilt dials gave way to matte; and the steel watch was joined by a gold branch and a two-tone Root Beer branch.
The steel [[Reference:1675|1675]] added crown guards and an aluminium bezel insert. Pointed guards gave way to rounded ones, and the dial changed from gilt printing on a glossy surface to white printing on matte black. Early gold 1675s had no crown guards; Christie's dates their addition to 1967. Steel-and-gold versions followed in the early 1970s.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Branches !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Approximate period !! Movement !! Case !! Versions !! Distinction
|-
|-
| [[Reference:1675|1675]] || 1959–1979 || 1565 early, 1575 later || 40mm SS, 18k YG, or two-tone || Steel, 1675/8 gold, 1675/3 Root Beer || Core vintage GMT-Master; PCG to rounded guards, gilt to matte
| [[Reference:1675|1675]] || c.1959–1980 || 1565 GMT; later 1575 GMT || About 40mm; steel, yellow gold or steel/yellow gold || Steel; 1675/8 gold; 1675/3 two-tone || Case and dial changes differ by metal
|}
|}


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== Transitional GMT-Master (1979–1988) ==
== Transitional GMT-Master (1979–1988) ==


The five-digit quick-set era on the GMT-Master side of the family split. Caliber 3075 added a quick-set date and a higher beat rate but kept the older linked-hand GMT logic, in which the 24-hour hand tracks the local hour hand rather than moving on its own. Acrylic crystals held through most of the run. The branch map also gets busier here, with steel, two-tone, and solid-gold references all in production at once.
Caliber 3075 added a directly adjustable date while retaining the linked hour and 24-hour hands. The steel [[Reference:16750|16750]] and two-tone [[Reference:16753|16753]] use acrylic crystals. The gold [[Reference:16758|16758]] has sapphire. Monochrome and Sotheby's date the steel reference's introduction to 1980; ''The Vintage Rolex Field Manual'' uses 1979.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Branches !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Approximate period !! Movement !! Case !! Dial and bezel options !! Distinction
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16750|16750]] || 1979–1988 || 3075 || 40mm SS || Matte to glossy Pepsi, black, spider || Last steel GMT-Master with acrylic crystal; quick-set date
| [[Reference:16750|16750]] || Around 1980–1988 || 3075 || 40mm steel || Matte or glossy dial; red/blue or black insert || Direct quick-set date; acrylic crystal
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16753|16753]] || 1979–1988 || 3075 || 40mm SS + 18k YG || Brown Root Beer, black || Two-tone continuation of the Root Beer line
| [[Reference:16753|16753]] || Around 1980–late 1980s || 3075 || 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold || Brown or black dial and bezel variants || Two-tone GMT-Master with direct quick-set date
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16758|16758]] || 1979–1988 || 3075 || 40mm 18k YG || Brown Root Beer, black || Last gold GMT-Master with older linked-hand logic
| [[Reference:16758|16758]] || Around 1980–late 1980s || 3075 || 40mm 18k yellow gold || Brown or black dial and bezel variants || Gold GMT-Master with sapphire crystal
|}
|}


Line 53: Line 76:
== GMT-Master II (1982–2007) ==
== GMT-Master II (1982–2007) ==


The functional break in the family. Caliber 3085 in the [[Reference:16760|16760]] introduced an independently adjustable local hour hand, which turned the 24-hour bezel into a third-time-zone tool rather than a second-time-zone aid. The thick transitional [[Reference:16760|16760]] gave way to the slimmer [[Reference:16710|16710]] in 1989, and the line spent nearly two decades on that reference before the ceramic era rewrote the watch.
The [[Reference:16760|16760]] introduced caliber 3085 and the independently adjustable local-hour hand. Its thicker case accounts for the collector names Fat Lady and Sophia Loren. The original bezel was red and black, commonly called Coke. Rolex dates the GMT-Master II launch to 1982; reference guides variously begin the 16760's production range in 1982 or 1983.
 
The slimmer [[Reference:16710|16710]] followed with caliber 3185 and a choice of red/blue, red/black or black inserts. Two-tone [[Reference:16713|16713]] and gold [[Reference:16718|16718]] versions used the same basic movement arrangement. The date is corrected by moving the local-hour hand through midnight, without a separate direct date quick-set.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Branches !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Approximate period !! Movement !! Case !! Bezel options !! Distinction
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16760|16760]] || 1983–1987 || 3085 || 40mm SS (thick) || Coke, black || First GMT-Master II; "Fat Lady" / "Sophia Loren"
| [[Reference:16760|16760]] || 1982/1983–c.1988 || 3085 || 40mm steel || Red/black || First GMT-Master II; thicker case
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16710|16710]] || 1989–2007 || 3185, late 3186 || 40mm SS || Pepsi, Coke, black || Long neo-vintage steel run; late stick-dial 3186 sub-branch
| [[Reference:16710|16710]] || c.1989–2007; later dated examples recorded || 3185; some late examples with 3186 || 40mm steel || Red/blue, red/black or black || Slimmer case than the 16760
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16713|16713]] || 1989–2007 || 3185, late 3186 || 40mm SS + 18k YG || Brown, black || Two-tone GMT-Master II branch
| [[Reference:16713|16713]] || Late 1980s–mid-2000s || 3185 || 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold || Brown/gold or black || Two-tone GMT-Master II
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16718|16718]] || 1989–2007 || 3185, late 3186 || 40mm 18k YG || Black well-documented, brown thinner || Solid-gold GMT-Master II branch
| [[Reference:16718|16718]] || Late 1980s–mid-2000s || 3185 || 40mm 18k yellow gold || Brown or black || Solid-gold GMT-Master II
|}
|}
Phillips documents a steel 16710 with caliber 3186 and papers dated 2008, after the steel ceramic successor appeared in 2007. Its dial has the separate vertical strokes called a stick dial. That lettering also occurs with caliber 3185, so the movement needs direct identification.
[[File:Ref gmt-master chuck-yeager-ad.webp|thumb|right|300px|alt=Rolex GMT-Master II print advertisement featuring test pilot Chuck Yeager, Pepsi-bezel 16710|Rolex GMT-Master II advertisement featuring Chuck Yeager, fronting the Pepsi-bezel 16710. Source: Time+Tide Watches.]]


<span id="late-gmt-master-19881999"></span>
<span id="late-gmt-master-19881999"></span>
== Late GMT-Master (1988–1999) ==
== Late GMT-Master (1988–1999) ==


The last reference on the original side of the family split. Sapphire crystal, caliber 3175, and a choice of Pepsi or black bezel. The 16700 kept the older linked-hand GMT logic rather than adopting the independent hour hand of the GMT-Master II references running alongside it. That mechanical distinction kept the two lines separate right to the end.
The [[Reference:16700|16700]] was the last GMT-Master. It combined a sapphire crystal and caliber 3175 with the original linked-hand arrangement, and was sold alongside the GMT-Master II. It retained a direct quick-set date.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Branches !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Approximate period !! Movement !! Case !! Bezel options !! Distinction
|-
|-
| [[Reference:16700|16700]] || 1988–1998/1999 || 3175 || 40mm SS || Pepsi, black || Last GMT-Master; tritium to Luminova transition
| [[Reference:16700|16700]] || c.1988–1999 || 3175 || 40mm steel || Red/blue or black || Sapphire crystal; linked hour and 24-hour hands
|}
|}
<span id="gem-set-gmt-master-ii-116758"></span>
== Gem-set GMT-Master II 116758 SARU ==
Rolex listed the 116758 SARU separately from the 116758 SA and SANR. Its catalogues describe a 40mm yellow-gold case with 76 diamonds and a bezel set with 23 diamonds, 18 rubies and 18 sapphires. In 2012 Rolex listed black- and pavé-dial configurations, bracelet 78208, and an optional 728-diamond bracelet 74768. Auction catalogues attribute both Cal. 3185 and Cal. 3186 to dated examples; the reference article records the disagreement.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Reference !! Dated evidence !! Movement !! Case and bezel !! Dial records
|-
| [[Reference:116758SARU|116758 SARU]] || Introduced around 2006; Rolex catalogue entries in 2008 and 2012 || 3185 and 3186 attributed in auction catalogues || 40mm 18k yellow gold; diamond-set case and sapphire/ruby/diamond bezel || Black and pavé dials; bracelets 78208 and optional 74768
|}
See [[Reference:116758SARU|the 116758 SARU reference guide]] for the source-by-source dates, movement attributions and variant limits.


<span id="ceramic-gmt-master-ii-5-digit-20052019"></span>
<span id="ceramic-gmt-master-ii-5-digit-20052019"></span>
== Ceramic GMT-Master II 5-digit (2005–2019) ==
== Ceramic GMT-Master II 116xxx (2005–2019) ==
 
The Cerachrom era opens the modern chapter of the line. Rolex launched the solid yellow-gold [[Reference:116718LN|116718LN]] at Baselworld 2005 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the GMT-Master and brought Cerachrom to the GMT platform with that release. Rolesor followed in 2006 with the [[Reference:116713LN|116713LN]], steel in 2007 with the [[Reference:116710LN|116710LN]]. The two-colour ceramic patent arrived with the 2013 [[Reference:116710BLNR|116710BLNR]] Batman and was extended to red-and-blue on the 2014 white-gold [[Reference:116719BLRO|116719BLRO]]. All five references were retired at the 2019 Baselworld transition to the slimmer 126710 case.


The case across the family is the Super Case generation Rolex rolled out from 2005, wider at the lugs and heavier at the crown guards than the 16710 it replaced. Caliber 3186 powers every documented 5-digit ceramic example in the current corpus, carrying the blue Parachrom hairspring, Paraflex shock protection, and the revised GMT wheel that cleaned up the independent-hour-hand mechanism.
Cerachrom is Rolex's name for its ceramic bezel material. The yellow-gold [[Reference:116718LN|116718LN]] introduced it to the GMT-Master II in 2005. Steel-and-yellow-gold Rolesor followed in 2006, then steel in 2007. All five references below use caliber 3186.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Branches !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Approximate period !! Movement !! Case !! Dial or bezel options !! Distinction
|-
|-
| [[Reference:116718LN|116718LN]] || 2005–2019 || 3186 || 40mm 18k YG || Black dial, green anniversary dial || First Cerachrom GMT-Master II; caliber 3186 debut
| [[Reference:116718LN|116718LN]] || 2005–2019 || 3186 || 40mm 18k yellow gold || Black bezel; black or green dial || First ceramic GMT-Master II
|-
|-
| [[Reference:116713LN|116713LN]] || 2006–2019 || 3186 || 40mm Rolesor YG || Single gloss-black configuration || First Cerachrom GMT-Master II to reach steel-in-case form
| [[Reference:116713LN|116713LN]] || 2006–2019 || 3186 || 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold || Black dial and bezel || Yellow Rolesor version
|-
|-
| [[Reference:116710LN|116710LN]] || 2007–2019 || 3186 || 40mm SS || Black dial with green signature line || First steel GMT-Master II with ceramic bezel
| [[Reference:116710LN|116710LN]] || 2007–2019 || 3186 || 40mm steel || Black dial and bezel; green 24-hour hand || Steel version
|-
|-
| [[Reference:116710BLNR|116710BLNR]] || 2013–2019 || 3186 || 40mm SS || Blue-and-black Batman || First two-colour Cerachrom; patented process
| [[Reference:116710BLNR|116710BLNR]] || 2013–2019 || 3186 || 40mm steel || Blue/black bezel || First two-colour Cerachrom insert
|-
|-
| [[Reference:116719BLRO|116719BLRO]] || 2014–2019 || 3186 || 40mm 18k WG || Black dial -0001, blue dial -0002 (2018) || First ceramic Pepsi; white gold only
| [[Reference:116719BLRO|116719BLRO]] || 2014–c.2018/2019 || 3186 || 40mm 18k white gold || Red/blue bezel; black and later blue dials || White-gold ceramic Pepsi
|}
|}


<span id="ceramic-gmt-master-ii-6-digit-2018present"></span>
<span id="ceramic-gmt-master-ii-6-digit-2018present"></span>
== Ceramic GMT-Master II 6-digit (2018–present) ==
== Ceramic GMT-Master II 126xxx (2018 onward) ==


The current generation. Rolex launched the steel Pepsi [[Reference:126710BLRO|126710BLRO]], the Rolesor Everose [[Reference:126711CHNR|126711CHNR]], and the solid-Everose [[Reference:126715CHNR|126715CHNR]] at Baselworld 2018, then added the Batman [[Reference:126710BLNR|126710BLNR]] on Jubilee in 2019, the left-handed [[Reference:126720VTNR|126720VTNR]] in 2022, the yellow-gold GRNR pair in 2023, and the steel [[Reference:126710GRNR|126710GRNR]] in 2024. Caliber 3285 runs across every reference, with the Chronergy escapement and a 70-hour power reserve. The Jubilee bracelet returned to the GMT-Master II Professional line for the first time since the 1675 era.
Caliber 3285 arrived in this generation with an approximately 70-hour power reserve. The steel [[Reference:126710BLRO|126710BLRO]] brought a ceramic red-and-blue bezel to steel in 2018, initially on Jubilee. Everose and steel/Everose models appeared the same year, followed by further bezel colours and the left-crown versions.
 
The case moved to a narrower geometry than the Super Case that came before it, roughly 11.9–12.5mm thick depending on case material. Fratello puts the 126710BLNR at 12.5mm against the thicker 116710BLNR. Rolex dropped the steel [[Reference:126710BLRO|126710BLRO]] and the white-gold [[Reference:126719BLRO|126719BLRO]] from the catalogue at Watches & Wonders 2026 per Robb Report's discontinuation coverage.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Reference !! Production !! Movement !! Case !! Branches !! Key distinction
! Reference !! Introduction or dated evidence !! Movement !! Case !! Bezel !! Dial or bracelet distinctions
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126710BLRO|126710BLRO]] || 2018–2026 || 3285 || 40mm SS || Jubilee -0001, Oyster -0002 (2021) || First steel ceramic Pepsi; Jubilee return
| [[Reference:126710BLRO|126710BLRO]] || 2018; catalogue withdrawal reported in 2026 || 3285 || 40mm steel || Red/blue || Jubilee initially; Oyster option from 2021
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126711CHNR|126711CHNR]] || 2018–present || 3285 || 40mm Rolesor Everose || Single CHNR configuration || First two-colour Cerachrom after BLNR/BLRO; "Cough Syrup"
| [[Reference:126711CHNR|126711CHNR]] || 2018 || 3285 || 40mm steel and 18k Everose gold || Brown/black || Black dial; Oyster bracelet
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126715CHNR|126715CHNR]] || 2018–present || 3285 || 40mm solid Everose || Black dial -0001, Tiger Iron -0002 (2025) || Solid-Everose Rootbeer halo
| [[Reference:126715CHNR|126715CHNR]] || 2018 || 3285 || 40mm 18k Everose gold || Brown/black || Black dial or later tiger iron dial; Oyster bracelet
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126710BLNR|126710BLNR]] || 2019–present || 3285 || 40mm SS || Jubilee Batgirl, Oyster Batman (2021) || Batman on cal. 3285; first Jubilee Batman
| [[Reference:126710BLNR|126710BLNR]] || 2019 || 3285 || 40mm steel || Blue/black || Jubilee initially; Oyster option from 2021
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126720VTNR|126720VTNR]] || 2022–present || 3285 || 40mm SS || Oyster -0001, Jubilee -0002 || First modern left-crown Rolex sports watch; Sprite/Destro
| 126719BLRO || Documented by 2019; catalogue withdrawal reported in 2026 || 3285 || 40mm 18k white gold || Red/blue || Blue or meteorite dial; Oyster bracelet
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126713GRNR|126713GRNR]] || 2023–present || 3285 || 40mm Rolesor YG || Single GRNR configuration on Jubilee || Return of yellow Rolesor; first precious-metal Jubilee GMT
| [[Reference:126720VTNR|126720VTNR]] || 2022 || 3285 || 40mm steel || Green/black || Crown and date on the left; Oyster or Jubilee
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126718GRNR|126718GRNR]] || 2023–present || 3285 || 40mm solid YG || Black dial, Tiger Iron dial (2025) || Return of solid yellow gold to the line
| [[Reference:126713GRNR|126713GRNR]] || 2023 || 3285 || 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold || Grey/black || Black dial; Jubilee bracelet
|-
|-
| [[Reference:126710GRNR|126710GRNR]] || 2024–present || 3285 || 40mm SS || Oyster -0001, Jubilee -0002 || Bruce Wayne/Ghost; steel conclusion of the GRNR family
| [[Reference:126718GRNR|126718GRNR]] || 2023 || 3285 || 40mm 18k yellow gold || Grey/black || Black dial on Jubilee; later tiger iron version on Oyster
|-
| [[Reference:126710GRNR|126710GRNR]] || 2024 || 3285 || 40mm steel || Grey/black || Black dial; Oyster or Jubilee
|-
| 126729VTNR || 2025 || 3285 || 40mm 18k white gold || Green/black || Green ceramic dial; left crown and date; Oyster bracelet
|}
|}
Robb Report reported the withdrawal of both Pepsi references, 126710BLRO and 126719BLRO, from Rolex's catalogue in April 2026. Manufacture and retail-sale dates can differ from catalogue dates.


<span id="movement-progression"></span>
<span id="movement-progression"></span>
== Movement progression ==
== Movement progression ==
Quick-set date and independent local-hour adjustment are different functions. A GMT-Master with caliber 3075 or 3175 can advance the date directly. On a GMT-Master II, the date follows the jumping local-hour hand through midnight. Rolex's user guide describes that method separately from setting the minutes and 24-hour hand.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Caliber !! Frequency !! Hacking / quick-set !! Used in !! Notes
! Caliber !! Setting arrangement !! References
|-
|-
| 1036 / 1065 / 1066 || 18,000 vph || no / no || [[Reference:6542|6542]] || Earliest GMT-specific movements; picture still unresolved
| 1036 / 1065 / 1066 || Linked hour and 24-hour hands; no direct date quick-set || [[Reference:6542|6542]]
|-
|-
| 1565 || 18,000 vph || no / no || [[Reference:1675|1675]] (early) || First stable 1675 caliber
| 1565 GMT / 1575 GMT || Linked hour and 24-hour hands; no direct date quick-set || [[Reference:1675|1675]]
|-
|-
| 1575 || 19,800 vph || hacking from ~1971 || [[Reference:1675|1675]] (late) || Long-run 1675 caliber; sometimes signed 1570
| 3075 || Linked hour and 24-hour hands; direct date quick-set || [[Reference:16750|16750]], [[Reference:16753|16753]], [[Reference:16758|16758]]
|-
|-
| 3075 || 28,800 vph || yes / yes || [[Reference:16750|16750]], [[Reference:16753|16753]], [[Reference:16758|16758]] || Five-digit quick-set upgrade; still linked-hand GMT
| 3175 || Linked hour and 24-hour hands; direct date quick-set || [[Reference:16700|16700]]
|-
|-
| 3085 || 28,800 vph || yes / yes || [[Reference:16760|16760]] || First independently adjustable local hour hand
| 3085 || Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour || [[Reference:16760|16760]]
|-
|-
| 3175 || 28,800 vph || yes / yes || [[Reference:16700|16700]] || Last linked-hand GMT-Master caliber
| 3185 || Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour || [[Reference:16710|16710]], [[Reference:16713|16713]], [[Reference:16718|16718]]
|-
|-
| 3185 || 28,800 vph || yes / yes || [[Reference:16710|16710]], [[Reference:16713|16713]], [[Reference:16718|16718]] || Long neo-vintage GMT-Master II movement
| 3186 || Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour || Some late [[Reference:16710|16710]] examples and the 116xxx ceramic references above
|-
|-
| 3186 || 28,800 vph || yes / yes || late [[Reference:16710|16710]], [[Reference:16713|16713]], [[Reference:16718|16718]]; all 5-digit ceramic ([[Reference:116710LN|116710LN]], [[Reference:116710BLNR|116710BLNR]], [[Reference:116713LN|116713LN]], [[Reference:116718LN|116718LN]], [[Reference:116719BLRO|116719BLRO]]) || Parachrom hairspring, revised GMT wheel; standard across the ceramic era
| 3285 || Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour || The 126xxx references above
|-
| 3285 || 28,800 vph || yes / yes || All 6-digit ceramic references ([[Reference:126710BLNR|126710BLNR]], [[Reference:126710BLRO|126710BLRO]], [[Reference:126710GRNR|126710GRNR]], [[Reference:126711CHNR|126711CHNR]], [[Reference:126713GRNR|126713GRNR]], [[Reference:126715CHNR|126715CHNR]], [[Reference:126718GRNR|126718GRNR]], [[Reference:126720VTNR|126720VTNR]]) || Chronergy escapement, 70-hour reserve, Superlative -2/+2 sec/day
|}
|}


<span id="color-and-metal-logic"></span>
<span id="color-and-metal-logic"></span>
== Color and metal logic ==
<span id="Color_and_metal_logic"></span>
== Bezel colours and case metals ==
 
Pepsi means red and blue; Coke means red and black. Root Beer is used for brown and gold vintage combinations and, more loosely, the modern brown-and-black Everose models. These are collector names. They do not identify a reference, case metal or original bezel by themselves.


Recurring branch identities run across the reference numbers and sometimes matter more than the digits themselves. The red-and-blue Pepsi bezel starts with the steel [[Reference:6542|6542]] and has stayed the default visual identity of the line ever since. The brown-and-gold Root Beer bezel begins on the two-tone 1675/3 and gold 1675/8 in the early 1970s, then carries forward into the [[Reference:16753|16753]], [[Reference:16758|16758]], [[Reference:16713|16713]], and the brown side of the [[Reference:16718|16718]]. The red-and-black Coke bezel arrives with the first GMT-Master II, the [[Reference:16760|16760]], and stays associated mainly with that reference and the early [[Reference:16710|16710]]. Gold and two-tone GMT-Masters have been part of the family from the earliest production onward.
The same red-and-blue ceramic colour scheme appears on both steel and white-gold watches. Brown inserts also span several gold and two-tone generations. Case material, dial and movement are needed alongside the bezel colour to identify a watch.


<span id="collecting-context"></span>
<span id="collecting-context"></span>
== Collecting context ==
== Collecting context ==


The GMT-Master market rewards different habits than the Submariner market, even when the watches overlap in period. The Submariner collects around case shape, military use, and dial text. The GMT-Master collects just as much around bezel color, travel mythology, and branch identity.
Original delivery, period-correct fitment and later service replacement are separate claims. A clasp code dates the clasp. It cannot establish the date of the watch head or prove that the bracelet was delivered with it. An auction photograph shows the configuration at the time of sale; original fitment needs further evidence.
 
The [[Reference:gmt-master-ii-5digit-ceramic-family|116xxx ceramic family]] and [[Reference:gmt-master-ii-6digit-family|126xxx ceramic family]] have separate guides. Both use six-digit numerical references; the distinction is between movement generations.


The same caution comes up again and again across the family. Original delivery is not the same thing as period-correct fitment, and a watch that wears period parts correctly today may never have left the factory that way. Bracelet dates date the bracelet, not the watch head. Service inserts are common on every reference and nearly universal on the earliest ones, where the bakelite originals rarely survived. Nickname language is useful shorthand, but Pepsi, Coke, Root Beer, and plain black each cover a range of dial and bezel variants, and the labels can flatten real differences if used too loosely.
== Related families ==


* [[Reference:submariner|Submariner]], dive watches with an elapsed-time bezel.
* [[Reference:explorer-ii|Explorer II]], watches with a 24-hour hand and a fixed bezel.
* [[Reference:daytona|Daytona]], Rolex's chronograph family.


The modern ceramic era now has its own two family hubs. The 5-digit Cerachrom references from 2005–2019 are covered in [[Reference:gmt-master-ii-5digit-ceramic-family|the 5-digit ceramic family]], which walks through the two-colour ceramic patent story and the 116718LN / 116713LN / 116710LN / 116710BLNR / 116719BLRO rollout. The current 6-digit generation from 2018 onward is covered in [[Reference:gmt-master-ii-6digit-family|the 6-digit family]], which runs across the caliber 3285 platform, the Jubilee return, the 126710BLRO Pepsi lifecycle through to its 2026 discontinuation, the Rootbeer pair, the GRNR family, and the left-handed Destro.
== Shared references ==
 
* [[Reference:Serial-numbers|Serial numbers by year]], serial systems and dating limits.
* [[Reference:Movements|Movement reference]], caliber descriptions and identification.
* [[Reference:Bracelets|Bracelet and clasp guide]], bracelet types, end links and clasp codes.


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
* [https://monochrome-watches.com/history-rolex-gmt-master-and-gmt-master-ii-1955-2024-iconic-traveller-watch-in-depth-review/ In-Depth: The History of the Rolex GMT-Master and GMT-Master II] — unknown, Monochrome
 
* [https://www.rolex.com/watches/gmt-master-ii/time-zone-to-time-zone Rolex, GMT-Master chronology]
* [https://www.rolex.com/watches/gmt-master-ii/m126710grnr-0004 Rolex, GMT-Master II 126710GRNR specification]
* [https://www.rolex.com/en-us/watches/gmt-master-ii/m126729vtnr-0001 Rolex, GMT-Master II 126729VTNR specification]
* [https://www.rolex.com/watches/gmt-master-ii/features Rolex, GMT-Master II functions]
* [https://newsroom.rolex.com/watches/oyster-collection/gmt-master-ii Rolex, GMT-Master II technical description]
* [https://content.rolex.com/dam/media/user-guides/gmt-master-ii/rolex_gmt-master-ii_en.pdf Rolex, GMT-Master II user guide, pages 7 and 14]
* [https://www.phillips.com/article/135679290/perpetual-picks-rolex-gmt-master-ii-3186-calibre Logan Baker, Phillips, transitional 16710 with caliber 3186]
* [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/CH080515/221 Phillips, Geneva TWO, lot 221, gold 6542]
* [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5395177 Christie’s, lot 5395177, steel 6542]
* [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6507295 Christie’s, lot 6507295, gold 1675 without crown guards]
* [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/196919 Phillips, Hong Kong XVIII, reference 16758 with sapphire crystal]
* [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/194957 Phillips, Geneva XIX, meteorite-dial 126719BLRO]
* [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/194955 Phillips, Geneva XIX, blue-dial 126719BLRO]
* [https://assets.rolex.com/api/brochure/en/gmt-master-ii/m126729vtnr-0001.pdf Rolex, reference 126729VTNR brochure]
* [https://www.rolex.com/en-us/watches/gmt-master-ii/m126715chnr-0002 Rolex, reference 126715CHNR-0002, tiger iron dial]
* [https://www.rolex.com/en-us/watches/gmt-master-ii/m126718grnr-0002 Rolex, reference 126718GRNR-0002, tiger iron dial]
* [https://monochrome-watches.com/history-rolex-gmt-master-and-gmt-master-ii-1955-2024-iconic-traveller-watch-in-depth-review/ In-Depth: The History of the Rolex GMT-Master and GMT-Master II] — Monochrome
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-rolex-gmt-master-the-complete-collectors-guide The Rolex GMT-Master: A Complete Collector's Guide] — Stephen Pulvirent, Sotheby's
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-rolex-gmt-master-the-complete-collectors-guide The Rolex GMT-Master: A Complete Collector's Guide] — Stephen Pulvirent, Sotheby's
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/a-concise-guide-to-the-rolex-gmt-root-beer A Closer Look at the Rolex Root Beer] — Christina Bohn, Sotheby's
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/a-concise-guide-to-the-rolex-gmt-root-beer A Closer Look at the Rolex Root Beer] — Christina Bohn, Sotheby's
Line 180: Line 254:
* [https://www.fratellowatches.com/fasten-your-seatbelts-rolex-gmt-master-history/ Fasten Your Seatbelts: Rolex GMT-Master History and Overview of All Major References] — Fratello Watches
* [https://www.fratellowatches.com/fasten-your-seatbelts-rolex-gmt-master-history/ Fasten Your Seatbelts: Rolex GMT-Master History and Overview of All Major References] — Fratello Watches
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-rolex-gmt-pepsi-the-key-references The Rolex Pepsi: The Key References] — Sotheby's
* [https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-rolex-gmt-pepsi-the-key-references The Rolex Pepsi: The Key References] — Sotheby's
* [https://www.bobswatches.com/rolex-blog/resources/rolex-caliber-3186-vs-rolex-caliber-3285.html Rolex Caliber 3186 vs. Caliber 3285] — Bob's Watches
* [https://robbreport.com/style/watch-collector/rolex-pepsi-gmt-master-ii-discontinued-market-1237890139/ With the Rolex Pepsi Now Gone, the Market Is Smelling Blood] — Robb Report, 2026
* [https://robbreport.com/style/watch-collector/rolex-pepsi-gmt-master-ii-discontinued-market-1237890139/ With the Rolex Pepsi Now Gone, the Market Is Smelling Blood] — Robb Report, 2026
* The Vintage Rolex Field Manual, Chevalier Edition — unknown, Morning Tundra
* [https://www.minus4plus6.com/pdf/Rolex2008.pdf Rolex USA, 2008 price list, 116758 family]
* [https://www.minus4plus6.com/pdf/Rolex_Price_List_June-1-2012.pdf Rolex Deutschland, 2012 price list, 116758 SARU]
* [https://www.christies.com.cn/lot/lot-6042618 Christie's, circa-2006 ref. 116758 SARU, lot 6042618]
* [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6248960 Christie's, circa-2007 ref. 116758 SARU, lot 6248960]
* [https://sothebys-com.brightspotcdn.com/2c/4a/bc2f942e47408a9fdafa1930caff/ge2301-important-watches-part-i.pdf Sotheby's, 2023, ref. 116758, lot 45]
* [https://www.phillips.com/detail/rolex/CH080220/14 Phillips, circa-2009 ref. 116758 SARU, lot 14]
* ''The Vintage Rolex Field Manual'' — Colin A. White, Morning Tundra


[[Category:GMT-Master]]
[[Category:GMT-Master]]
[[Category:Working Draft]]

Latest revision as of 01:40, 18 October 2026


Main Page › GMT-Master

Vintage Rolex GMT-Master advertisement
Vintage Rolex GMT-Master advertisement

The GMT-Master is Rolex's wristwatch for reading two time zones, introduced in 1955 and later adopted by Pan Am. Its extra hand turns once every 24 hours against a rotating bezel. On the original GMT-Master, that hand stays linked to the ordinary hour hand; rotating the bezel sets the second time-zone reading.

Rolex introduced the GMT-Master II in 1982. Its local-hour hand adjusts independently in one-hour steps, leaving the minutes and 24-hour hand undisturbed. Reference guides place the GMT-Master end around 1999–2000; the GMT-Master II then became the sole line. Ceramic bezels joined the GMT-Master II in 2005.

Common entry points

Vintage GMT-Master
1675
The steel reference spans pointed and rounded crown guards, gilt and matte dials. Gold and two-tone versions have their own case and dial changes.
Aluminium-bezel GMT-Master II
16710
Red/blue, red/black or black inserts and an independently adjustable local-hour hand. Some late watches have caliber 3186; dial lettering alone does not identify the movement.
Steel ceramic GMT-Master II
116710LN
Introduced in 2007 with caliber 3186 and a black Cerachrom insert. The dial has green GMT-Master II lettering and a green 24-hour hand.

Early GMT-Master (1955–1959)

The 6542 has no crown guards. Its translucent bezel insert, usually called Bakelite in auction catalogues, carries the 24-hour scale. Steel examples have a red-and-blue insert; gold examples include brown inserts and alpha-shaped hands. Replacement aluminium inserts occur on surviving watches, so bezel material alone does not establish original delivery.

Reference Approximate period Movement Case Bezel Distinction
6542 1955–1959 1030-family GMT calibers, including 1036, 1065 and 1066 About 38mm; steel or 18k yellow gold Translucent plastic insert; later metal replacements also found No crown guards

Caliber labels vary in early cataloguing. Phillips identifies caliber 1066 in a gold 6542 dated 1959; Christie's records it in a steel example dated around 1958. The exact changeover dates between these calibers remain uncertain.

GMT-Master 1675 (1959–1980)

The steel 1675 added crown guards and an aluminium bezel insert. Pointed guards gave way to rounded ones, and the dial changed from gilt printing on a glossy surface to white printing on matte black. Early gold 1675s had no crown guards; Christie's dates their addition to 1967. Steel-and-gold versions followed in the early 1970s.

Reference Approximate period Movement Case Versions Distinction
1675 c.1959–1980 1565 GMT; later 1575 GMT About 40mm; steel, yellow gold or steel/yellow gold Steel; 1675/8 gold; 1675/3 two-tone Case and dial changes differ by metal

Transitional GMT-Master (1979–1988)

Caliber 3075 added a directly adjustable date while retaining the linked hour and 24-hour hands. The steel 16750 and two-tone 16753 use acrylic crystals. The gold 16758 has sapphire. Monochrome and Sotheby's date the steel reference's introduction to 1980; The Vintage Rolex Field Manual uses 1979.

Reference Approximate period Movement Case Dial and bezel options Distinction
16750 Around 1980–1988 3075 40mm steel Matte or glossy dial; red/blue or black insert Direct quick-set date; acrylic crystal
16753 Around 1980–late 1980s 3075 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold Brown or black dial and bezel variants Two-tone GMT-Master with direct quick-set date
16758 Around 1980–late 1980s 3075 40mm 18k yellow gold Brown or black dial and bezel variants Gold GMT-Master with sapphire crystal

GMT-Master II (1982–2007)

The 16760 introduced caliber 3085 and the independently adjustable local-hour hand. Its thicker case accounts for the collector names Fat Lady and Sophia Loren. The original bezel was red and black, commonly called Coke. Rolex dates the GMT-Master II launch to 1982; reference guides variously begin the 16760's production range in 1982 or 1983.

The slimmer 16710 followed with caliber 3185 and a choice of red/blue, red/black or black inserts. Two-tone 16713 and gold 16718 versions used the same basic movement arrangement. The date is corrected by moving the local-hour hand through midnight, without a separate direct date quick-set.

Reference Approximate period Movement Case Bezel options Distinction
16760 1982/1983–c.1988 3085 40mm steel Red/black First GMT-Master II; thicker case
16710 c.1989–2007; later dated examples recorded 3185; some late examples with 3186 40mm steel Red/blue, red/black or black Slimmer case than the 16760
16713 Late 1980s–mid-2000s 3185 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold Brown/gold or black Two-tone GMT-Master II
16718 Late 1980s–mid-2000s 3185 40mm 18k yellow gold Brown or black Solid-gold GMT-Master II

Phillips documents a steel 16710 with caliber 3186 and papers dated 2008, after the steel ceramic successor appeared in 2007. Its dial has the separate vertical strokes called a stick dial. That lettering also occurs with caliber 3185, so the movement needs direct identification.

Rolex GMT-Master II print advertisement featuring test pilot Chuck Yeager, Pepsi-bezel 16710
Rolex GMT-Master II advertisement featuring Chuck Yeager, fronting the Pepsi-bezel 16710. Source: Time+Tide Watches.

Late GMT-Master (1988–1999)

The 16700 was the last GMT-Master. It combined a sapphire crystal and caliber 3175 with the original linked-hand arrangement, and was sold alongside the GMT-Master II. It retained a direct quick-set date.

Reference Approximate period Movement Case Bezel options Distinction
16700 c.1988–1999 3175 40mm steel Red/blue or black Sapphire crystal; linked hour and 24-hour hands

Gem-set GMT-Master II 116758 SARU

Rolex listed the 116758 SARU separately from the 116758 SA and SANR. Its catalogues describe a 40mm yellow-gold case with 76 diamonds and a bezel set with 23 diamonds, 18 rubies and 18 sapphires. In 2012 Rolex listed black- and pavé-dial configurations, bracelet 78208, and an optional 728-diamond bracelet 74768. Auction catalogues attribute both Cal. 3185 and Cal. 3186 to dated examples; the reference article records the disagreement.

Reference Dated evidence Movement Case and bezel Dial records
116758 SARU Introduced around 2006; Rolex catalogue entries in 2008 and 2012 3185 and 3186 attributed in auction catalogues 40mm 18k yellow gold; diamond-set case and sapphire/ruby/diamond bezel Black and pavé dials; bracelets 78208 and optional 74768

See the 116758 SARU reference guide for the source-by-source dates, movement attributions and variant limits.

Ceramic GMT-Master II 116xxx (2005–2019)

Cerachrom is Rolex's name for its ceramic bezel material. The yellow-gold 116718LN introduced it to the GMT-Master II in 2005. Steel-and-yellow-gold Rolesor followed in 2006, then steel in 2007. All five references below use caliber 3186.

Reference Approximate period Movement Case Dial or bezel options Distinction
116718LN 2005–2019 3186 40mm 18k yellow gold Black bezel; black or green dial First ceramic GMT-Master II
116713LN 2006–2019 3186 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold Black dial and bezel Yellow Rolesor version
116710LN 2007–2019 3186 40mm steel Black dial and bezel; green 24-hour hand Steel version
116710BLNR 2013–2019 3186 40mm steel Blue/black bezel First two-colour Cerachrom insert
116719BLRO 2014–c.2018/2019 3186 40mm 18k white gold Red/blue bezel; black and later blue dials White-gold ceramic Pepsi

Ceramic GMT-Master II 126xxx (2018 onward)

Caliber 3285 arrived in this generation with an approximately 70-hour power reserve. The steel 126710BLRO brought a ceramic red-and-blue bezel to steel in 2018, initially on Jubilee. Everose and steel/Everose models appeared the same year, followed by further bezel colours and the left-crown versions.

Reference Introduction or dated evidence Movement Case Bezel Dial or bracelet distinctions
126710BLRO 2018; catalogue withdrawal reported in 2026 3285 40mm steel Red/blue Jubilee initially; Oyster option from 2021
126711CHNR 2018 3285 40mm steel and 18k Everose gold Brown/black Black dial; Oyster bracelet
126715CHNR 2018 3285 40mm 18k Everose gold Brown/black Black dial or later tiger iron dial; Oyster bracelet
126710BLNR 2019 3285 40mm steel Blue/black Jubilee initially; Oyster option from 2021
126719BLRO Documented by 2019; catalogue withdrawal reported in 2026 3285 40mm 18k white gold Red/blue Blue or meteorite dial; Oyster bracelet
126720VTNR 2022 3285 40mm steel Green/black Crown and date on the left; Oyster or Jubilee
126713GRNR 2023 3285 40mm steel and 18k yellow gold Grey/black Black dial; Jubilee bracelet
126718GRNR 2023 3285 40mm 18k yellow gold Grey/black Black dial on Jubilee; later tiger iron version on Oyster
126710GRNR 2024 3285 40mm steel Grey/black Black dial; Oyster or Jubilee
126729VTNR 2025 3285 40mm 18k white gold Green/black Green ceramic dial; left crown and date; Oyster bracelet

Robb Report reported the withdrawal of both Pepsi references, 126710BLRO and 126719BLRO, from Rolex's catalogue in April 2026. Manufacture and retail-sale dates can differ from catalogue dates.

Movement progression

Quick-set date and independent local-hour adjustment are different functions. A GMT-Master with caliber 3075 or 3175 can advance the date directly. On a GMT-Master II, the date follows the jumping local-hour hand through midnight. Rolex's user guide describes that method separately from setting the minutes and 24-hour hand.

Caliber Setting arrangement References
1036 / 1065 / 1066 Linked hour and 24-hour hands; no direct date quick-set 6542
1565 GMT / 1575 GMT Linked hour and 24-hour hands; no direct date quick-set 1675
3075 Linked hour and 24-hour hands; direct date quick-set 16750, 16753, 16758
3175 Linked hour and 24-hour hands; direct date quick-set 16700
3085 Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour 16760
3185 Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour 16710, 16713, 16718
3186 Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour Some late 16710 examples and the 116xxx ceramic references above
3285 Independent local-hour adjustment; date follows local hour The 126xxx references above

Bezel colours and case metals

Pepsi means red and blue; Coke means red and black. Root Beer is used for brown and gold vintage combinations and, more loosely, the modern brown-and-black Everose models. These are collector names. They do not identify a reference, case metal or original bezel by themselves.

The same red-and-blue ceramic colour scheme appears on both steel and white-gold watches. Brown inserts also span several gold and two-tone generations. Case material, dial and movement are needed alongside the bezel colour to identify a watch.

Collecting context

Original delivery, period-correct fitment and later service replacement are separate claims. A clasp code dates the clasp. It cannot establish the date of the watch head or prove that the bracelet was delivered with it. An auction photograph shows the configuration at the time of sale; original fitment needs further evidence.

The 116xxx ceramic family and 126xxx ceramic family have separate guides. Both use six-digit numerical references; the distinction is between movement generations.

Related families

  • Submariner, dive watches with an elapsed-time bezel.
  • Explorer II, watches with a 24-hour hand and a fixed bezel.
  • Daytona, Rolex's chronograph family.

Shared references

Sources

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